20 research outputs found

    Tag based Bayesian latent class models for movies : economic theory reaches out to big data science

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    For the past 50 years, cultural economics has developed as an independent research specialism. At its core are the creative industries and the peculiar economics associated with them, central to which is a tension that arises from the notion that creative goods need to be experienced before an assessment can be made about the utility they deliver to the consumer. In this they differ from the standard private good that forms the basis of demand theory in economic textbooks, in which utility is known ex ante. Furthermore, creative goods are typically complex in composition and subject to heterogeneous and shifting consumer preferences. In response to this, models of linear optimization, rational addiction and Bayesian learning have been applied to better understand consumer decision- making, belief formation and revision. While valuable, these approaches do not lend themselves to forming verifiable hypothesis for the critical reason that they by-pass an essential aspect of creative products: namely, that of novelty. In contrast, computer sciences, and more specifically recommender theory, embrace creative products as a study object. Being items of online transactions, users of creative products share opinions on a massive scale and in doing so generate a flow of data driven research. Not limited by the multiple assumptions made in economic theory, data analysts deal with this type of commodity in a less constrained way, incorporating the variety of item characteristics, as well as their co-use by agents. They apply statistical techniques supporting big data, such as clustering, latent class analysis or singular value decomposition. This thesis is drawn from both disciplines, comparing models, methods and data sets. Based upon movie consumption, the work contrasts bottom-up versus top-down approaches, individual versus collective data, distance measures versus the utility-based comparisons. Rooted in Bayesian latent class models, a synthesis is formed, supported by the random utility theory and recommender algorithm methods. The Bayesian approach makes explicit the experience good nature of creative goods by formulating the prior uncertainty of users towards both movie features and preferences. The latent class method, thus, infers the heterogeneous aspect of preferences, while its dynamic variant- the latent Markov model - gets around one of the main paradoxes in studying creative products: how to analyse taste dynamics when confronted with a good that is novel at each decision point. Generated by mainly movie-user-rating and movie-user-tag triplets, collected from the Movielens recommender system and made available as open data for research by the GroupLens research team, this study of preference patterns formation for creative goods is drawn from individual level data

    Cultuur en creativiteit in beeld: opzet van een meetinstrument voor metropool Brussel

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    De laatste decennia wordt de cruciale rol die culturele en creatieve sectoren (CCS) spelen in de regionale economische ontwikkeling in toenemende mate erkend. Ook in het Brussels Hoofdstedelijk Gewest is er aandacht voor deze sectoren en voor de nood aan meetinstrumenten om de impact en activiteiten ervan te registreren en te monitoren. Dit artikel speelt daarop in met de voorstelling van een staalkaart die het Brussels gewest als hoofdfocus neemt. In tegenstelling tot andere (theoretische) meetmodellen werd de onmiddellijke bruikbaarheid van de staalkaart voorop gesteld via een maximale afstemming op bestaande dataleveranciers en Brusselse instellingen.Au cours de la derniĂšre dĂ©cennie, la reconnaissance du rĂŽle crucial jouĂ© par les secteurs culturels et crĂ©atifs (SCC) dans le dĂ©veloppement Ă©conomique rĂ©gional n’a cessĂ© de grandir. La RĂ©gion de Bruxelles-Capitale, elle aussi, marque son intĂ©rĂȘt pour ces secteurs et ressent la nĂ©cessitĂ© de disposer d’instruments de mesure permettant de recenser et de suivre leur impact et leurs activitĂ©s. Le prĂ©sent article rĂ©pond Ă  ce besoin en proposant une sĂ©lection d’indicateurs reprĂ©sentatifs de ces secteurs, centrĂ©e principalement sur la RĂ©gion bruxelloise. Au contraire d’autres modĂšles de mesure, cette sĂ©lection a l’ambition d’ĂȘtre immĂ©diatement applicable, en s’harmonisant au mieux avec des sources de donnĂ©es et les institutions bruxelloises existantes.In recent decades, the critical role of cultural and creative sectors (CCS) in regional economic development has found increasing recognition. The Brussels-Capital Region also has become aware of these industries and of the need for measurement tools recording and monitoring their impact and activities. This article responds to this awareness by presenting a scoreboard with the Brussels Region as its main focus. Unlike other (theoretical) measurement models it privileges the immediate usability of the scoreboard, through a maximum alignment with existing data providers and Brussels institutions

    Culture et crĂ©ativité : Ă©bauche d’un instrument de mesure pour la mĂ©tropole bruxelloise

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    Au cours de la derniĂšre dĂ©cennie, la reconnaissance du rĂŽle crucial jouĂ© par les secteurs culturels et crĂ©atifs (SCC) dans le dĂ©veloppement Ă©conomique rĂ©gional n’a cessĂ© de grandir. La RĂ©gion de Bruxelles-Capitale, elle aussi, marque son intĂ©rĂȘt pour ces secteurs et ressent la nĂ©cessitĂ© de disposer d’instruments de mesure permettant de recenser et de suivre leur impact et leurs activitĂ©s. Le prĂ©sent article rĂ©pond Ă  ce besoin en proposant une sĂ©lection d’indicateurs reprĂ©sentatifs de ces secteurs, centrĂ©e principalement sur la RĂ©gion bruxelloise. Au contraire d’autres modĂšles de mesure, cette sĂ©lection a l’ambition d’ĂȘtre immĂ©diatement applicable, en s’harmonisant au mieux avec des sources de donnĂ©es et les institutions bruxelloises existantes.De laatste decennia wordt de cruciale rol die culturele en creatieve sectoren (CCS) spelen in de regionale economische ontwikkeling in toenemende mate erkend. Ook in het Brussels Hoofdstedelijk Gewest is er aandacht voor deze sectoren en voor de nood aan meetinstrumenten om de impact en activiteiten ervan te registreren en te monitoren. Dit artikel speelt daarop in met de voorstelling van een staalkaart die het Brussels gewest als hoofdfocus neemt. In tegenstelling tot andere (theoretische) meetmodellen werd de onmiddellijke bruikbaarheid van de staalkaart voorop gesteld via een maximale afstemming op bestaande dataleveranciers en Brusselse instellingen.In recent decades, the critical role of cultural and creative sectors (CCS) in regional economic development has found increasing recognition. The Brussels-Capital Region also has become aware of these industries and of the need for measurement tools recording and monitoring their impact and activities. This article responds to this awareness by presenting a scoreboard with the Brussels Region as its main focus. Unlike other (theoretical) measurement models it privileges the immediate usability of the scoreboard, through a maximum alignment with existing data providers and Brussels institutions

    Culture and Creativity in the Picture: design for a measurement tool for the Brussels metropolis

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    In recent decades, the critical role of cultural and creative sectors (CCS) in regional economic development has found increasing recognition. The Brussels-Capital Region also has become aware of these industries and of the need for measurement tools recording and monitoring their impact and activities. This article responds to this awareness by presenting a scoreboard with the Brussels Region as its main focus. Unlike other (theoretical) measurement models it privileges the immediate usability of the scoreboard, through a maximum alignment with existing data providers and Brussels institutions.De laatste decennia wordt de cruciale rol die culturele en creatieve sectoren (CCS) spelen in de regionale economische ontwikkeling in toenemende mate erkend. Ook in het Brussels Hoofdstedelijk Gewest is er aandacht voor deze sectoren en voor de nood aan meetinstrumenten om de impact en activiteiten ervan te registreren en te monitoren. Dit artikel speelt daarop in met de voorstelling van een staalkaart die het Brussels gewest als hoofdfocus neemt. In tegenstelling tot andere (theoretische) meetmodellen werd de onmiddellijke bruikbaarheid van de staalkaart voorop gesteld via een maximale afstemming op bestaande dataleveranciers en Brusselse instellingen.Au cours de la derniĂšre dĂ©cennie, la reconnaissance du rĂŽle crucial jouĂ© par les secteurs culturels et crĂ©atifs (SCC) dans le dĂ©veloppement Ă©conomique rĂ©gional n’a cessĂ© de grandir. La RĂ©gion de Bruxelles-Capitale, elle aussi, marque son intĂ©rĂȘt pour ces secteurs et ressent la nĂ©cessitĂ© de disposer d’instruments de mesure permettant de recenser et de suivre leur impact et leurs activitĂ©s. Le prĂ©sent article rĂ©pond Ă  ce besoin en proposant une sĂ©lection d’indicateurs reprĂ©sentatifs de ces secteurs, centrĂ©e principalement sur la RĂ©gion bruxelloise. Au contraire d’autres modĂšles de mesure, cette sĂ©lection a l’ambition d’ĂȘtre immĂ©diatement applicable, en s’harmonisant au mieux avec des sources de donnĂ©es et les institutions bruxelloises existantes

    Search for eccentric black hole coalescences during the third observing run of LIGO and Virgo

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    Despite the growing number of confident binary black hole coalescences observed through gravitational waves so far, the astrophysical origin of these binaries remains uncertain. Orbital eccentricity is one of the clearest tracers of binary formation channels. Identifying binary eccentricity, however, remains challenging due to the limited availability of gravitational waveforms that include effects of eccentricity. Here, we present observational results for a waveform-independent search sensitive to eccentric black hole coalescences, covering the third observing run (O3) of the LIGO and Virgo detectors. We identified no new high-significance candidates beyond those that were already identified with searches focusing on quasi-circular binaries. We determine the sensitivity of our search to high-mass (total mass M>70 M⊙) binaries covering eccentricities up to 0.3 at 15 Hz orbital frequency, and use this to compare model predictions to search results. Assuming all detections are indeed quasi-circular, for our fiducial population model, we place an upper limit for the merger rate density of high-mass binaries with eccentricities 0<e≀0.3 at 0.33 Gpc−3 yr−1 at 90\% confidence level

    Observation of gravitational waves from the coalescence of a 2.5−4.5 M⊙ compact object and a neutron star

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